Professional recognition / Certification
Certification related to the profession
Certificates required for access to the profession of surveyor are listed by member state.
Information on the certificate, procedure and contact information is available.
SHOW COUNTRY SPECIFIC INFORMATION
| Certification | |
| Country | France |
| Name | Licensed surveyor (Géomètre-expert) |
| Description | The licensed surveyor carries out his/her activity within a regulated framework, with certain tasks reserved for him/her by law. They are multidisciplinary professionals. They combine public interest missions with consultancy services for a wide range of clients, in order to create ever more sustainable developments. In addition to their core business, licensed surveyors have a wide range of activities and are involved in a number of disciplines: urban planning, agricultural, forestry and environmental land development, topography, co-ownership, real estate, engineering and project management. To carry out their activities, licensed surveyors must be registered with the Ordre des géomètres-experts. A licensed surveyor is self-employed, salaried or a partner in a firm of licensed surveyors. |
| Educational Level | The main route into the profession of licensed surveyor is through a 5-year engineering degree. 70% of new licensed surveyors are graduated from this engineering course. It is supplemented by two years of work experience. After a certain number of years' professional practice in a licensed surveyor's office, if you are a graduate of a general engineering school or hold a university Master's degree in the specialities of urban planning, architecture, landscapes, geomatics, topography or engineering sciences, it is possible to become a “government-qualified” licensed surveyor (DPLG). To qualify for the DPLG diploma, candidates must complete a 2-year work placement in a chartered surveyor's office, as is the case for engineers, and take additional training modules at the same time, and present a technical brief to a panel of judges. |
| Keywords | - |
| Procedure Description | The application for registration on the roll of the Ordre des géomètres-experts is sent by letter to the president of the regional council of the Ordre in the region where the applicant wishes to establish his/her principal office. It is accompanied by: - eligible diploma or ministerial decision recognising the qualification; - a civil status form and a certificate of nationality or any document proving identity, date of birth and nationality of the applicant; - an extract from the criminal record. |
| Procedure Duration | Upon reception of a complete application, the registration process will take a maximum of four months. |
| Address | Ordre des géomètres-expert 49, avenue Hoche, 75008 Paris, France |
| Contact Person | [email protected] |
| Contact | [email protected] |
| Weblink | https://www.geometre-expert.fr/ |
| Meta data |
Name : Florian Lebourdais |
| Certification | |
| Country | Romania |
| Name | National Cadastre and Land Registry Agency |
| Description | The National Cadastre and Land Registry Agency (ANCPI) grants the right of surveying to authorized surveyors. The authorization procedure is described in Order 107/2010 of the ANCPI Director. The right to exercise the profession is given in the field of geodesy, topography, cadastre, photogrammetry and engineering topography. A licensed surveyor can open an individual office, but can also work for the state or within a specialized company. He can join professional associations at national or local level. He is not obliged to be part of such an organization. The executed works are signed by the authorized person. Most works are verified by ANCPI or by county organizations that are subordinate to ANCPI. If the works do not correspond, they are returned to the executor for redoing. |
| Educational Level | The authorization of individual persons is granted by degrees of competences depending on the degree of education. People who have completed higher education receive the highest grade: D or the next one, A, after completing seniority. With less seniority, they receive grade C or B. People with secondary education or who have completed short-term courses receive a lower grade: C or B, depending on seniority. |
| Keywords | Seniority, Degree Of Authorization, Higher Education, Secondary Education |
| Procedure Description | To be authorized, a file with the following documents will be submitted: application, CV, List of works, diploma, previous experience, criminal record, tax record, proof of payment of the authorization fee, identity card. |
| Procedure Duration | The duration of obtaining the certification is a minimum of 30 days, a maximum of 3 - 4 months from the date of submission of the file. |
| Address | Splaiul Independentei, no. 202A, 1F, Sector 6 Bucharest, postal code 060022 |
| Contact Person | Buzas Ioan Cristian |
| Contact | Email: [email protected] Telephone: (021) 317.64.27, Fax: (021) 316.52.24 |
| Weblink | https://www.ancpi.ro/autorizati/ |
| Meta data |
Name : Cornel Paunescu |
| Certification | |
| Country | Republic of Serbia |
| Name | 771 - responsible contractor with the specialized in the high-rise and the low-rise construction |
| Description | Serbian Chamber of Engineers is responsible for the certification. The basic requirements for obtaining the licenses issued by the SCE in the field of the geodetic engineering are the appropriate diploma of the university degree, passed professional examination, the necessary work experience, records on the professional results, as well as the recommendations of at least two members of the SCE, holders of the license with the same or higher rank. It is stated that the professionals who possess licenses for the responsible contractor with the specialist vocational studies of the geodetic works in the high and the low-rise construction the Decision on the Types of Licenses Granted by the SCE can carry out the following activities: − performing the geodetic works on the high-rise buildings for which building permits are issued by the unit of the local authorities (with a detailed work description); − performing the geodetic works on the land expropriation during the construction of the local and the unclassified roads and streets for which the building permit is issued by the unit of the local authorities; − performing the geodetic works on the construction of the local and the unclassified roads and streets for which the building permit is issued by the unit of the local authorities; − performing the geodetic works in the engineering and the technical fields (with the detailed work description) |
| Educational Level | Bachelor in applied studies |
| Keywords | - |
| Procedure Description | Passed professional examination, at least three years of the work experience, diploma of specialist vocational studies from the field of geodesy |
| Procedure Duration | - |
| Address | Serbian Chamber of Engineers, Bulevar Vojvode Misica 37, 11000 Belgrade |
| Contact Person | - |
| Contact | [email protected] |
| Weblink | http://www.ingkomora.org.rs/eng |
| Meta data |
Name : Tijana Milinkovic |
| Certification | |
| Country | Republic of Serbia |
| Name | 871 - responsible contractor of the geodetic works in the high- and the low-rise construction |
| Description | Serbian Chamber of Engineers is responsible for the certification. The basic requirements for obtaining the licenses issued by the SCE in the field of the geodetic engineering are the appropriate diploma of the university degree, passed professional examination, the necessary work experience, records on the professional results, as well as the recommendations of at least two members of the SCE, holders of the license with the same or higher rank. According to the Decision on the Types of Licenses Issued by the ICS, a responsible contractor of geodetic works on high- and low-rise construction can: − perform the geodetic works on the high-rise buildings for which the building permits are issued by the unit of the local authority, maximum gross floor area up to 2000 m2 , maximum number of floors up to P0 + P + 4 + PK, (with detailed work description); − perform the geodetic works for the land expropriation during the construction of the local and the unclassified roads and streets for which the building permit is issued by the unit of the local authorities; − perform the geodetic works on the construction of the local and the unclassified roads and streets for which the building permit is issued by the unit of the local authority |
| Educational Level | Bachelor in applied or academic studies |
| Keywords | - |
| Procedure Description | The requirements for issuing the License 871) are: passed professional examination, at least three years of the work experience (or five years for the higher professional qualifications), and diploma. |
| Procedure Duration | - |
| Address | Serbian Chamber of Engineers, Bulevar vojvode Misica 37, 11000 Belgrade |
| Contact Person | - |
| Contact | [email protected] |
| Weblink | http://www.ingkomora.org.rs/eng |
| Meta data |
Name : Tijana Milinkovic |
| Certification | |
| Country | Russian Federation |
| Name | Cadastral engineer |
| Description | In Russia there are no certificates at the moment to act as a cadastral engineer. As a cadastral engineer shall be deemed a natural person who is a member of a self-regulating organisation of cadastral engineers. Mandatory conditions of admission of a natural person to members of a self-regulating organisation of cadastral engineers are the following: availability of citizenship of the Russian Federation; availability of higher education in a specialty; availability of at least two years' work experience as an assistant of a cadastral engineer within which he/she guided by the cadastral engineer participated in preparing and carrying out cadastral works; passing the theoretical examination that proves the professional knowledge required for exercising cadastral activities; absence of the punishment in the form of disqualification for breaching the legislation on the state cadastral registration of immovable property and cadastral activities which is provided for the Code of Administrative Offences of the Russian Federation in compliance with a court decision; absence of a non-expunged or non-quashed previous conviction for making a willful crime; availability of an effective agreement on mandatory insurance of civil liability of a cadastral engineer. |
| Educational Level | Bachelor’s, Specialist’s, Master’s degrees, Ph.D |
| Keywords | cadastral engineer, cadastral activity, traineeship, self-regulating organisation, examination |
| Procedure Description | The examination shall be held by the commission to be formed by the National Association of Self-Regulating Organizations of Cadastral Engineers in the form of testing with the use of the automated information system. |
| Procedure Duration | 4-8 years |
| Address | Building 3, office 10 32, Tallinskaya Str.,123458 Moscow, Russia |
| Contact Person | M.Petrushina |
| Contact | http://ki-rf.ru/event/19/74 |
| Weblink | http://ki-rf.ru/event/19/65 |
| Meta data |
Name : Kislova Maria |
| Certification | |
| Country | Slovenia |
| Name | Chartered Land Surveyor |
| Description | Access to the professions is regulated in the "Zakon o geodetski dejavnosti - ZGeoD-1". Chartered Land Surveyor is surveying expert with a special license that is as responsible land surveyor registered in the directory of certified engineers at the Slovenian Chamber of Engineers. Their names and identification numbers are published in the list of surveying companies. Conditions that must now fulfill the responsible surveyor to enter to the directory Slovenian Chamber of Engineers are, to have at least a master's degree study program of the second level geodetic direction, that has at least three years of work experience in the field of land surveying, pass the Slovenian Chamber of Engineers exam in land surveying profession and to have arrangements to cover liability for damages in accordance with the Act on surveying activities. |
| Educational Level | University education (Master level) |
| Keywords | Chartered Land Surveyor, master, work experience, surveying license |
| Procedure Description | see "Description" |
| Procedure Duration | see "Description" |
| Address | Jarška cesta 10b, 1000 Ljubljana |
| Contact Person | Slovenian Chamber of Engineers (IZS) - Matej Kovačič, univ.dipl.inž.geod. |
| Contact | [email protected] |
| Weblink | http://www.izs.si/maticne-sekcije/msgeo/... |
| Meta data |
Name : Grilc M. |
| Certification | |
| Country | Slovenia |
| Name | Land Surveyor |
| Description | Access to the professions is regulated in the "Zakon o geodetski dejavnosti - ZGeoD-1". Land Surveyor is an individual who carries out surveying and has obtained surveying card, which is recognized and listed in the Register of Surveyors. Register of Surveyor is established and maintained by Slovenian Chamber of Engineers. Surveying card is issued upon application, to an individual who has at least higher professional education study program of First Instance surveying direction (Bachelor degree), has at least three years of work experience in the implementation of surveying services or Real Estate registration and has passed the professional exam for the implementation of surveying services. |
| Educational Level | higher professional education study program of First Instance geodetic direction - Bachelor |
| Keywords | Land Surveyor, Bachelor, higher education, surveying card |
| Procedure Description | see "Description" |
| Procedure Duration | see "Description" |
| Address | Jarška cesta 10b, 1000 Ljubljana |
| Contact Person | Slovenian Chamber of Engineers (IZS) - Matej Kovačič, univ.dipl.inž.geod. |
| Contact | [email protected] |
| Weblink | http://www.izs.si/maticne-sekcije/msgeo/... |
| Meta data |
Name : Grilc M. |
| Certification | |
| Country | Moldova |
| Name | Cadastral surveyor |
| Description | To get certification, certain requirements for education, additional training and 3 years work experience is required. Passing the exam is required. |
| Educational Level | Bachelor Degree |
| Keywords | Certification, Cadastral surveyor, |
| Procedure Description | In order to achive the certification the written request is nesessary. Applicant have to past exams. |
| Procedure Duration | 1 month |
| Address | str. Puşkin, 47, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova, MD-2005 |
| Contact Person | Ghilas Anatolie |
| Contact | [email protected] |
| Weblink | http://www.arfc.gov.md/lista_specialisti... |
| Meta data |
Name : Vasile Chiriac |
| Certification | |
| Country | Moldova |
| Name | Geodetic Surveyor |
| Description | To get certification, certain requirements for education, additional training and 3 years work experience is required. Passing the exam is required. |
| Educational Level | Bachelor Degree |
| Keywords | Certification, Geodetic Surveyor |
| Procedure Description | In order to achive the certification the written request is nesessary. Applicant have to past exams. |
| Procedure Duration | 1 mounth |
| Address | str. Puşkin, 47, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova, MD-2005 |
| Contact Person | Ghilas Anatolie |
| Contact | [email protected] |
| Weblink | http://www.arfc.gov.md/lista_specialisti... |
| Meta data |
Name : Vasile Chiriac |
| Certification | |
| Country | Belgium |
| Name | Law concerning the title and profession of the Surveyor-expert |
| Description | The title and profession of the Surveyor-expert is protected by law in Belgium. This law lists the requirements needed to hold the title. The law acknowledges and lists all different ways on which someone can obtain the title of Surveyor-expert. If someone meets the requirements they have to take an oath. Independent Surveyor-experts have to be registered afterwards on the "Tableau". This list is made public so that every citizen can see if someone is a registered Surveyor-expert. |
| Educational Level | Bac +3 |
| Keywords | - |
| Procedure Description | The aspiring Surveyor-expert must 1: Meet the standards of education, 2 Take an oath and 3 Be registered on the table of Surveyor-experts |
| Procedure Duration | - |
| Address | Noordstraat 76 |
| Contact Person | - |
| Contact | [email protected] |
| Weblink | http://www.ejustice.just.fgov.be/cgi_loi... |
| Meta data |
Name : Wim Broes |
| Certification | |
| Country | Poland |
| Name | Topographical Surveying, Setting out and Inventory Surveying |
| Description | Professional qualifications in these fields are issued by the Surveyor General of Poland from the results of the examinations carried out and organized by its Office. The examinations are preceded by the submission of the relevant applications, and are paid. For more information: [email protected]. |
| Educational Level | higher or secondary surveying education |
| Keywords | Certificates, professional qualifications, surveying education |
| Procedure Description | Submit an application for granting professional qualifications in the Head Office of Geodesy and Cartography by mail or in person |
| Procedure Duration | 4 months |
| Address | Główny Urząd Geodezji i Kartografii (GUGIK) ul. Wspólna 2, 00-926 Warszawa |
| Contact Person | - |
| Contact | [email protected] |
| Weblink | http://www.gugik.gov.pl/geodezja/uprawni... |
| Meta data |
Name : Florian Romanowski |
| Certification | |
| Country | Poland |
| Name | Real Estate Property delimitation and preparing documentation for legal purposes |
| Description | Professional qualifications in these fields are issued by the Surveyor General of Poland from the results of the examinations carried out and organized by its Office. The examinations are preceded by the submission of the relevant applications, and are paid. For more information: [email protected]. |
| Educational Level | higher or secondary surveying education |
| Keywords | Certificates, professional qualifications, surveying education |
| Procedure Description | Submit an application for granting professional qualifications in the Head Office of Geodesy and Cartography by mail or in person |
| Procedure Duration | 4 months |
| Address | Główny Urząd Geodezji i Kartografii (GUGIK) ul. Wspólna 2, 00-926 Warszawa |
| Contact Person | - |
| Contact | [email protected] |
| Weblink | http://www.gugik.gov.pl/geodezja/uprawni... |
| Meta data |
Name : Florian Romanowski |
| Certification | |
| Country | Poland |
| Name | Basic Geodetic Surveying |
| Description | Professional qualifications in these fields are issued by the Surveyor General of Poland from the results of the examinations carried out and organized by its Office. The examinations are preceded by the submission of the relevant applications, and are paid. For more information: [email protected]. |
| Educational Level | higher or secondary surveying education |
| Keywords | Certificates, professional qualifications, surveying education |
| Procedure Description | Submit an application for granting professional qualifications in the Head Office of Geodesy and Cartography by mail or in person |
| Procedure Duration | 4 months |
| Address | Główny Urząd Geodezji i Kartografii (GUGIK) ul. Wspólna 2, 00-926 Warszawa |
| Contact Person | - |
| Contact | [email protected] |
| Weblink | http://www.gugik.gov.pl/geodezja/uprawni... |
| Meta data |
Name : Florian Romanowski |
| Certification | |
| Country | Poland |
| Name | Construction and Building Surveying |
| Description | Professional qualifications in these fields are issued by the Surveyor General of Poland from the results of the examinations carried out and organized by its Office. The examinations are preceded by the submission of the relevant applications, and are paid. For more information: [email protected]. |
| Educational Level | higher or secondary surveying education |
| Keywords | Certificates, professional qualifications, surveying education |
| Procedure Description | Submit an application for granting professional qualifications in the Head Office of Geodesy and Cartography by mail or in person |
| Procedure Duration | 4 months |
| Address | Główny Urząd Geodezji i Kartografii (GUGIK) ul. Wspólna 2, 00-926 Warszawa |
| Contact Person | - |
| Contact | [email protected] |
| Weblink | http://www.gugik.gov.pl/geodezja/uprawni... |
| Meta data |
Name : - |
| Certification | |
| Country | Poland |
| Name | Geodetic Agriculture and Forest Management |
| Description | Professional qualifications in these fields are issued by the Surveyor General of Poland from the results of the examinations carried out and organized by its Office. The examinations are preceded by the submission of the relevant applications, and are paid. For more information: [email protected]. |
| Educational Level | higher or secondary surveying education |
| Keywords | Certificates, professional qualifications, surveying education |
| Procedure Description | Submit an application for granting professional qualifications in the Head Office of Geodesy and Cartography by mail or in person |
| Procedure Duration | 4 months |
| Address | Główny Urząd Geodezji i Kartografii (GUGIK) ul. Wspólna 2, 00-926 Warszawa |
| Contact Person | - |
| Contact | [email protected] |
| Weblink | http://www.gugik.gov.pl/geodezja/uprawni... |
| Meta data |
Name : Florian Romanowski |
| Certification | |
| Country | Poland |
| Name | Cartography |
| Description | Professional qualifications in these fields are issued by the Surveyor General of Poland from the results of the examinations carried out and organized by its Office. The examinations are preceded by the submission of the relevant applications, and are paid. For more information: [email protected]. |
| Educational Level | higher or secondary surveying education |
| Keywords | Certificates, professional qualifications, surveying education |
| Procedure Description | Submit an application for granting professional qualifications in the Head Office of Geodesy and Cartography by mail or in person |
| Procedure Duration | 4 months |
| Address | Główny Urząd Geodezji i Kartografii (GUGIK) ul. Wspólna 2, 00-926 Warszawa |
| Contact Person | - |
| Contact | [email protected] |
| Weblink | http://www.gugik.gov.pl/geodezja/uprawni... |
| Meta data |
Name : Florian Romanowski |
| Certification | |
| Country | Poland |
| Name | Photogrammetry and remote sensing. |
| Description | Professional qualifications in these fields are issued by the Surveyor General of Poland from the results of the examinations carried out and organized by its Office. The examinations are preceded by the submission of the relevant applications, and are paid. For more information: [email protected]. |
| Educational Level | higher or secondary surveying education |
| Keywords | Certificates, professional qualifications, surveying education |
| Procedure Description | Submit an application for granting professional qualifications in the Head Office of Geodesy and Cartography by mail or in person |
| Procedure Duration | 4 months |
| Address | Główny Urząd Geodezji i Kartografii (GUGIK) ul. Wspólna 2, 00-926 Warszawa |
| Contact Person | - |
| Contact | [email protected] |
| Weblink | http://www.gugik.gov.pl/geodezja/uprawni... |
| Meta data |
Name : Florian Romanowski |
| Certification | |
| Country | Poland |
| Name | Mine Surveyor |
| Description | According to the law professional qualification in this field can get a person who meets all of the requirements written in the polish law and passed the exam. Professional qualification in this field is issued by the State Mining Authority from the results of the examination carried out and organised by its Office. The examination is preceded by the submission of the relevant application, and is paid. |
| Educational Level | higher or secondary surveying education |
| Keywords | Mine Surveyor, Mine Surveying |
| Procedure Description | Submit documents to the State Mining Auhority and pass the exam |
| Procedure Duration | 3 months |
| Address | Wyższy Urząd Górniczy, ul. Poniatowskiego 31, 40-055 Katowice |
| Contact Person | - |
| Contact | [email protected] |
| Weblink | http://www.wug.gov.pl/index.php?english/... |
| Meta data |
Name : - |
| Certification | |
| Country | Poland |
| Name | Property Valuation |
| Description | Professional qualification in this field is issued by the Minister of Infrastructure and Development from the results of the examination carried out and organised by its Office. The examination is preceded by the submission of the relevant application, and is paid. |
| Educational Level | higher education and graduate training |
| Keywords | Property Valuation |
| Procedure Description | Submit documents to The Ministry and pass the exam |
| Procedure Duration | 2months |
| Address | ul. Wspólna 2/4, 00-926 Warszawa |
| Contact Person | - |
| Contact | [email protected] |
| Weblink | http://www.mir.gov.pl/budownictwo/gospod... |
| Meta data |
Name : - |
| Certification | |
| Country | Finland |
| Name | None |
| Description | In Finland there are no certificates at the moment to act as a land surveyor. The qualification is based on the level of the education: The Real Estate Act Section 5: "(1) The land surveyor shall be a graduate engineer in the service of the National Land Survey of Finland, graduated with an appropriate degree from the Department of Surveying of a University of Technology, an engineer or technician graduated with an appropriate degree from a Polytechnic or School of Technology, a cadastral surveyor of the municipality, or an engineer or technician in the service of the municipality graduated with the abovementioned degree. (2) An engineer or a technician employed by the National Land Survey of Finland may act as the land surveyor in a subdivision, a voluntary land exchange, a demarcation, an easement survey, the formation of a separate area into a real estate unit, the transfer of an interest within a joint property unit and its formation into a real estate unit, the formation of a joint property unit and in administrative procedures for the execution of a road construction plan under the Act on Private Roads" |
| Educational Level | - |
| Keywords | Certificate |
| Procedure Description | - |
| Procedure Duration | - |
| Address | - |
| Contact Person | - |
| Contact | - |
| Weblink | - |
| Meta data |
Name : Paavo Häikiö |
| Certification | |
| Country | Greece |
| Name | National Certification for Energy Auditors |
| Description | Energy Auditors who are enrolled in the Registry of Energy Auditors, maintained by the Ministry of Environment, Energy & Climate Change are enabled to carry out inspections concerning the energy efficiency of the buildings. |
| Educational Level | Higher Education |
| Keywords | Energy Auditors, Certification, Greece |
| Procedure Description | The Technical Chamber of Greece conducts the online national certification examinations for Energy Auditors. |
| Procedure Duration | - |
| Address | Nikis 4, 10563 Athens, Greece |
| Contact Person | - |
| Contact | http://portal.tee.gr/portal/page/portal/... |
| Weblink | http://portal.tee.gr/portal/page/portal/... |
| Meta data |
Name : Konstantina Mangina |
| Certification | |
| Country | Greece |
| Name | Master |
| Description | A Master in the fields of the Surveying Engineering is awarded by the various programmes offered by the Schools of Rural and Surveying Engineer of the National Technical University in Athens and of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, as well as by Interdisciplinary Postgraduate Programs between the Technical Universities and other universities. |
| Educational Level | Higher Education |
| Keywords | Master, Surveying Engineering, Greece |
| Procedure Description | A 1or 2 year programme of postgraduate studies which leads to the Master degree. |
| Procedure Duration | 1 or 2 Years |
| Address | - |
| Contact Person | - |
| Contact | - |
| Weblink | - |
| Meta data |
Name : Konstantina Mangina |
| Certification | |
| Country | Greece |
| Name | Certified Valuer |
| Description | The Hellenic Ministry of Finance holds the Registry of Certified Valuers. The Certified Bodies and Associations, the members of which are directly registered to the Registry of Certified Valuers, are 1. The Royal Institution of Charted Surveyors (RICS) 2. TEGoVA, Recognised European Valuer (REV) 3. The STAREGISTER. |
| Educational Level | Higher Education |
| Keywords | Certified Valuer, Surveyor, Greece |
| Procedure Description | Exams in line with the Certified Bodies of RICS, TEGoVA and STAREGISTER. |
| Procedure Duration | - |
| Address | - |
| Contact Person | - |
| Contact | - |
| Weblink | http://www.minfin.gr/web/guest/-/url-nod... |
| Meta data |
Name : Konstantina Mangina |
| Certification | |
| Country | Greece |
| Name | PhD |
| Description | A PhD in all the fields of the Surveying Engineering can be awarded by the Schools of Rural and Surveying Engineer of the National Technical University in Athens and of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki to the holders of a Graduate Diploma from the Schools of Rural and Surveying Engineer in Greece or an equivalent academic institution in Greece or abroad. |
| Educational Level | Graduate education |
| Keywords | PhD, Surveying Engineering, Greece |
| Procedure Description | A doctorate research programme which leads to a PhD degree. |
| Procedure Duration | from 3 to 6 years |
| Address | - |
| Contact Person | - |
| Contact | - |
| Weblink | - |
| Meta data |
Name : Konstantina Mangina; Eftychia Kalogianni |
| Certification | |
| Country | Greece |
| Name | Professional Engineering license |
| Description | - |
| Educational Level | Diploma of Rural and Surveyor Engineering |
| Keywords | professional licensed surveyor |
| Procedure Description | minimum 4 years from the graduation date |
| Procedure Duration | - |
| Address | - |
| Contact Person | - |
| Contact | - |
| Weblink | http://www.ypex-mele.gr |
| Meta data |
Name : Eftychia Kalogianni |
| Certification | |
| Country | Greece |
| Name | Diploma of Rural and Surveying Engineer |
| Description | The Diploma of Rural and Surveying Engineer is awarded in Greece by two institutions the Schools of Rural and Surveying Engineer of the National Technical University in Athens and of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. Address: 9 Iroon Polytechneiou Str., 157 80, Zographos, Athens, Greece School of Rural & Surveying Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Campus of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki 541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece Weblink: http://www.survey.ntua.gr/en/ http://www.topo.auth.gr/en |
| Educational Level | Higher Education |
| Keywords | Surveyor, Diploma, Greece |
| Procedure Description | A 5-year programme of undergraduate studies which lead to the degree "Diploma of Rural and Surveying Engineering". |
| Procedure Duration | 5 years |
| Address | See Description |
| Contact Person | - |
| Contact | - |
| Weblink | - |
| Meta data |
Name : Konstantina Mangina |
| Certification | |
| Country | Republic of Serbia |
| Name | 372 - Responsible designer of geodetic projects; 471 - Responsible contractor for geodetic works |
| Description | Serbian Chamber of Engineers is responsible for the certification. The basic requirements for obtaining the licenses issued by the SCE in the field of the geodetic engineering are the appropriate diploma of the university degree, passed professional examination, the necessary work experience, records on the professional results, as well as the recommendations of at least two members of the SCE, holders of the license with the same or higher rank. With the license for the responsible designer of the geodetic projects the authorization to conduct all kinds of the geodetic projects is acquired, and with the license for the responsible contractor of the geodetic works the authorization to perform all kinds of the geodetic works. |
| Educational Level | Master |
| Keywords | - |
| Procedure Description | For obtaining the license must have relevant diplomas of the higher education, the professional exam passed, the necessary work experience and participation in the activities of designing and implementation of at least 2 projects. |
| Procedure Duration | - |
| Address | Bulevar vojvode Misica 37, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia |
| Contact Person | - |
| Contact | [email protected] |
| Weblink | http://www.ingkomora.org.rs/eng |
| Meta data |
Name : Tijana Milinkovic |
| Certification | |
| Country | Austria |
| Name | Chartered Engineering Consultant for Surveying |
| Description | Access to the professions is regulated in the Ziviltechnikergesetz. Austrian Chartered Engineering Consultants for Surveying - as "Ziviltechniker" - are state authorized and are allowed to use the signs of the Republic of Austria (seal, emblem) and to establish public documents. In order to get access to the profession an education on post-secondary level is necessary (Master). Additionally three years of professional experience after the degree and a professional examination are necessary. After the fulfilment of these requirements the professional has to take an oath and is then officially authorized by the Austrian Federal Minister for Digital and Economic Affairs. Austrian Chartered Engineering Consultants for Surveying have a very broad scope of services. They are liberal professionals and have to follow a Code of Conduct and are obliged to independency, impartiality and secrecy. For temporary cross border provision of services by authorized Chartered Surveyors established in another member states no registration is necessary. They have to provide information about their authorization / registration / insurance to their clients before the provision of the service. In cases of establishment Chartered Surveyors from other member states have to apply for recognition and get an authorization from the Federal Minister for Digital and Economic Affairs. |
| Educational Level | University education (Master level) |
| Keywords | chartered surveyor, engineering consultant, Ziviltechniker |
| Procedure Description | Application for authorization at Regional Chambers of Architects and Chartered Engineering Consultants |
| Procedure Duration | depends on procedure |
| Address | https://www.arching.at/ueber_uns/laender... |
| Contact Person | Different regional Chambers |
| Contact | https://www.arching.at/ueber_uns/laender... |
| Weblink | https://www.arching.at/ueber_uns/laender... |
| Meta data |
Name : Rudolf Kolbe |
| Certification | |
| Country | Estonia |
| Name | Professional certification of the Geodetic Surveyors and Land Surveyors / Land Managers |
| Description | Association of Estonian Surveyors is responsible for the certification of the Geodetic Surveyors and Land Surveyors / Land Managers. It will be arranged twice a Year, spring and autumn. Deadlines for the applications are April 15th and October 15th. The Qualification levels: Surveyor-Technician, level 4 Geodetic Surveyor, levels 5, 6 and 7 Land Surveyor / Land Manager, levels 5, 6 and 7. Geodetic Surveyor has 4 specializations: Geodetic network and gravimetry; Topographical Surveying, Surveying for building, Engineering Surveying. Land Surveyor / Land Manager has 2 specializations: Surveyor and Manager. |
| Educational Level | Level 7: Master, levels 5, 6: Bachelor or professional education |
| Keywords | Certification |
| Procedure Description | To get certification, certain requirements for education, additional training and work experience shall be completed. In some cases passing the exam is required (if any of previous requirements are filled doubtfully. |
| Procedure Duration | 1...2 months |
| Address | Pärnu mnt 388b, 11612, Tallinn Estonia |
| Contact Person | M. Sarapik |
| Contact | http://egu.ee/kutse-andmine/kutseomistam... |
| Weblink | http://egu.ee/kutse-andmine |
| Meta data |
Name : Mairolt Kakko |
| Certification | |
| Country | Germany |
| Name | publicly appointed surveyor |
| Description | 5 Years on University level consisting of a bachelor (3/4 years) and master (1/2 years) in surveying and cadastral science. Min.2-3 years of practice in a liberal licensed surveyors office or in a cadastral administration doing cadastral work and further education.Approval of professional skills by state/federal board or commission, professional state recognised commission, second state examinations. Continuing Professional Development. |
| Educational Level | master and upper grad |
| Keywords | publicly appointed surveyor, ÖbVI, |
| Procedure Description | - |
| Procedure Duration | 8 Years |
| Address | Luisenstr. 46, 10117 Berlin, Germany |
| Contact Person | see weblink |
| Contact | http://www.bdvi.de/de/kontakt/ |
| Weblink | http://www.bdvi.de |
| Meta data |
Name : Kiepke |
| Certification | |
| Country | Germany |
| Name | Diplom-Ingenieur |
| Description | The qualification "Diplom-Ingenieur" can not be obtained this time. The Bologna-process has included the consequence new degree title: Bachelor/Master of Science (B.Sc./M.Sc.) at universities (Unis/TUs) and Bachelor/Master of Engineering (B.Eng./M.Eng.), at FHs/Hochschulen |
| Educational Level | diploma |
| Keywords | Diplom-Ingenieur, Bologna, Bachelor, Master |
| Procedure Description | - |
| Procedure Duration | 4.5 years |
| Address | see weblink |
| Contact Person | see weblink |
| Contact | http://www.bdvi.de/de/kontakt/ |
| Weblink | http://www.bdvi.de |
| Meta data |
Name : Kiepke |
| Certification | |
| Country | Germany |
| Name | Bachelor |
| Description | Who wants to become a geodesist in Germany needs to study at a technical college, called university of applied science = Fachhochschule FH or at a university. By now, these studies are offered at 13 FH and 9 universities |
| Educational Level | upper secondary education / entry qualification for a Fachhochschule |
| Keywords | Bachelor, university, FH, Hochschule |
| Procedure Description | - |
| Procedure Duration | 3 years / 3.5 years |
| Address | see weblink |
| Contact Person | see weblink |
| Contact | see weblink |
| Weblink | http://www.arbeitsplatz-erde.de |
| Meta data |
Name : Kiepke |
| Certification | |
| Country | Germany |
| Name | Master |
| Description | Who wants to become a geodesist in Germany needs to study at a technical college, called university of applied science = Fachhochschule FH or at a university. By now, these studies are offered at 13 FH and 9 universities |
| Educational Level | higher education |
| Keywords | Master, university, Hochschule |
| Procedure Description | - |
| Procedure Duration | 1.5 years/ 2 years |
| Address | see weblink |
| Contact Person | see weblink |
| Contact | see weblink |
| Weblink | http://www.arbeitsplatz-erde.de |
| Meta data |
Name : Kiepke |
| Certification | |
| Country | Ireland |
| Name | Geodetic Surveyor |
| Description | No certification is required |
| Educational Level | normally geodetic surveyors are qualified to BSc. or MSc. level but this is not legally required |
| Keywords | Geodetic surveyor |
| Procedure Description | None |
| Procedure Duration | Not applicable |
| Address | Not applicable |
| Contact Person | Not applicable |
| Contact | Not applicable |
| Weblink | - |
| Meta data |
Name : M. de Buitléir |
| Certification | |
| Country | Ireland |
| Name | Building Surveyor |
| Description | Building surveyors carry out building surveys and provide management and design consultancy services. The professional title "Building Surveyor" is a registered title under the Building Control Act, 2007. The Society of Chartered Surveyors Ireland is the competent authority for registration. |
| Educational Level | Bachelor degree (BSc) |
| Keywords | building surveyor |
| Procedure Description | To become a building surveyor, candidates must have a recognised degree (bachelor level) and complete the Assessment of Professional Competence (APC), 2 year structured practical training + professional interview. |
| Procedure Duration | BSc.(Min.4 yrs)+2yrs |
| Address | The Society of Chartered Surveyors Ireland, 38 Merrion Square, Dublin 2, Ireland |
| Contact Person | Ciara Murphy (director general) |
| Contact | [email protected] |
| Weblink | http://www.scsi.ie |
| Meta data |
Name : M. de Buitléir |
| Certification | |
| Country | Ireland |
| Name | Quantity Surveyor |
| Description | A quantity surveyor is certified under the Building Control Act 2007 to use the title Quantity Surveyor. A quantity surveyor advises on the cost of developing all types of buildings and infrastructure. |
| Educational Level | Bachelor degree + |
| Keywords | quantity surveyor |
| Procedure Description | Relevant bachelor degree + assessment of professional competence + 2yrs practical training + professional interview |
| Procedure Duration | 4 yrs (BSc + 2 yrs |
| Address | 38 Merrion Square, Dublin 2, Ireland |
| Contact Person | Ciara Murphy (director general) |
| Contact | [email protected] |
| Weblink | http://www.scsi.ie |
| Meta data |
Name : M. de Buitléir |
| Certification | |
| Country | The Netherlands |
| Name | CAP-LPIS-GPS |
| Description | Certification of GPS instruments |
| Educational Level | - |
| Keywords | GPS, LPIS, certification |
| Procedure Description | - |
| Procedure Duration | - |
| Address | - |
| Contact Person | - |
| Contact | - |
| Weblink | - |
| Meta data |
Name : Hans Versluijs |
| Certification | |
| Country | Spain |
| Name | Geomatics and Surveying Engineer |
| Description | The Bachelor in Geomatics and Surveying Engineering provides the necessary technical knowledge to develop the professional activity, which mainly consists of: graphic representation of the Earth, land information and its geographical relationships; geometric knowledge of engineering or building works and its situation on the ground; elaboration of the cadastre; and land planning taking into account the legal, economic, social and environmental aspects. The education is regulated by national legislation. |
| Educational Level | - |
| Keywords | Bachelor, Geomatic, Surveying Engineering |
| Procedure Description | It is a university study and it can be obtained in any of the universities listed in the section of Education. More information (contact person, address, weblink, etc.) can be found there. |
| Procedure Duration | 4,5 Years |
| Address | - |
| Contact Person | - |
| Contact | - |
| Weblink | - |
| Meta data |
Name : David Gorriti Azkue |
| Certification | |
| Country | Spain |
| Name | Surveying Technical Engineer |
| Description | The surveying Technical Engineering belongs to the previous curriculum, now extinct. The certificate was obtained after three years of university studies and it allowed to work as a professional. Nowadays, the bachelor in Geomatics and Surveying Engineering provides the necessary knowledge to do so. Is equivalent to the Bachelor. |
| Educational Level | Bachelor |
| Keywords | Surveying Technical Engineer |
| Procedure Description | - |
| Procedure Duration | 3 years |
| Address | - |
| Contact Person | - |
| Contact | - |
| Weblink | - |
| Meta data |
Name : Fernando Rodriguez Amor |
| Certification | |
| Country | Sweden |
| Name | Auktoriserad värderare |
| Description | There is the only requirement on formal certification of real property valuers. The National Association "Swedish Professionals for the Built Environment" is responsible for certification of valuers. |
| Educational Level | BSc = 3-3,5 years of technical, economic or other relevant education |
| Keywords | - |
| Procedure Description | To take contact with the national certification body. |
| Procedure Duration | - |
| Address | - |
| Contact Person | Mr Peter Palm |
| Contact | [email protected] |
| Weblink | http://www.samhallsbyggarna.org/om-samhaellsbyggarna/fastighetsvaerdering/ (In Swedish) |
| Meta data |
Name : Lisa Hambraeus |
| Certification | |
| Country | Switzerland |
| Name | Cadastral Surveyor |
| Description | The duties encompassed by cadastral surveying are subject to public law. This applies particularly to the activities carried out by freelance cadastral surveyors. Surveyors entrusted with cadastral surveying are carrying out a sovereign function and are in this respect regarded as persons of public trust. By delegating sovereign duties to the responsibility of the private sector, the federal government can reduce its administrative work load. A patent issued to cadastral surveyors and an entry in the register for licensed surveyors guarantee a minimal standard of professional and personal competence in cadastral surveying. Through the federal register for licensed surveyors, the surveying ordinance makes a clear distinction between an educational certificate, professional practice and disciplinary measures. The association with the regulations governing attorneys at law is imposed through the fact that both of these professional groups are private parties entrusted with carrying out sovereign, legally relevant tasks. |
| Educational Level | BAC + 5 U + 2 P + E |
| Keywords | - |
| Procedure Description | http://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-co... |
| Procedure Duration | - |
| Address | Geometerkommission, Eidgenössische Vermessungsdirektion, Seftigenstrasse 264, CH 3084 Wabern |
| Contact Person | Elisabeth Bürki Gyger |
| Contact | [email protected] |
| Weblink | http://www.cadastre.ch/internet/cadastre... |
| Meta data |
Name : Maurice Barbieri |
| Certification | |
| Country | Croatia |
| Name | Chartered Geodetic Engineer |
| Description | Access to the professions is regulated in the Geodetic Activities Act. A chartered geodetic engineer may independently perform professional geodetic activities acting as a person in charge in the office of a chartered geodetic engineer, joint geodetic office and as an employee in a company registered for performing professional geodetic activities. If a foreign entity intends to perform geodetic surveying activities in the Republic of Croatia on a permanent, occasional or temporary basis, this entity must provide the State Geodetic Administration with an application for issuance of an approval for permanent, occasional or temporary performance of professional geodetic activities in a written form. Besides, it must obtain a decision on recognition of a foreign professional qualification for employees performing professional geodetic activities in a capacity of a responsible person (chartered geodetic engineer), professional associate or associate. The Croatian Chamber of Chartered Geodetic Engineers is a competent body for the implementation of the procedure of recognizing professional foreign qualifications for performing professional geodetic activities in the Republic of Croatia. The process of recognition is appropriately subject to the application of the provisions of the Geodetic Activities Act and the Act on Regulated Professions and Recognition of Foreign Professional Qualifications. |
| Educational Level | University education (Master level) |
| Keywords | Chartered Geodetic Engineer |
| Procedure Description | - |
| Procedure Duration | - |
| Address | Ulica grada Vukovara 271/II, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia |
| Contact Person | Croatian Chamber of Chartered Geodetic Engineers |
| Contact | [email protected] |
| Weblink | http://www.hkoig.hr/ |
| Meta data |
Name : Ivan Remeta |
| Certification | |
| Country | Denmark |
| Name | Chartered Surveyor - university degree Candidatus Geometriae |
| Description | - |
| Educational Level | 3Bachelor + 2Master at Aalborg University |
| Keywords | Landmanagement, planning, measuremetnt science, geoinformatic |
| Procedure Description | 3B must be in surveying science and 2M must be in landmanagement or measuremetnt science or geoinformatic to achieve the educateion candidatus geometriae |
| Procedure Duration | 5 years |
| Address | Aalborg University |
| Contact Person | - |
| Contact | http://www.aau.dk/ |
| Weblink | http://www.aau.dk/ |
| Meta data |
Name : Torben Juulsager |
| Certification | |
| Country | Malta |
| Name | Dilploma in Construction & the Built Environment |
| Description | The course consists of college-based training on the various subjects related to the building and construction sector. This qualification gives you the knowledge, understanding and skills needed in this specialist area of employment and/or to continue your studies in the same, or related vocational areas such as Construction, Civil Engineering or Building Services. During the course you will be introduced to the different types of technical drawings used in the construction industry. Additionally, you will be able to apply construction drawing standards and conventions to produce sketches and professional working drawings. |
| Educational Level | MCAST Foundation Certificate or 2 SEC/O-Level passes Compulsory: Mathematics |
| Keywords | MCAST, diploma, contrsuction |
| Procedure Description | a mix of tutorials and hands on experience through an apprenticeship scheme |
| Procedure Duration | 3 years |
| Address | Triq Kordin, Paola PLA 9032 |
| Contact Person | - |
| Contact | http://www.mcast.edu.mt/TopMenu/ContactU... |
| Weblink | http://www.mcast.edu.mt/MainMenu/Full-Ti... |
| Meta data |
Name : Michelle Camilleri |
| Certification | |
| Country | Norway |
| Name | There is no certification of land surveyors in Norway. |
| Description | In principle anybody can offer services within land surveying in Norway. Cadastral surveying is a monopoly task and duty of the municipalities. |
| Educational Level | - |
| Keywords | - |
| Procedure Description | - |
| Procedure Duration | - |
| Address | - |
| Contact Person | - |
| Contact | - |
| Weblink | - |
| Meta data |
Name : Leiv Bjarte Mjøs |
| Certification | |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Name | Chartered Surveyor (MRICS, FRICS) and technical surveyor (AssocRICS) |
| Description | There are numerous chartered designations held by RICS all relating to surveying. For these purposes Chartered Land (Hydrographic, Engineering) Surveyor are most relevant. |
| Educational Level | Undergraduate (UK Bac + 3 years) |
| Keywords | royal charter, designation, professional qualification, trining period |
| Procedure Description | Degree plus 2 year training period followed by assessment process and final interview by peers |
| Procedure Duration | 2 years |
| Address | RICS, Surveyor Court, Westwood Way, Coventry CV4 8JE |
| Contact Person | James Kavanagh |
| Contact | http://www.rics.org/join |
| Weblink | http://www.rics.org/join |
| Meta data |
Name : James Kavanagh |
| Certification | |
| Country | Slovakia |
| Name | Autorizovaný geodet a kartograf (Authorised Surveyor and Cartographer) |
| Description | Authorised Surveyor and Cartographer (ASC) practises, verifies and approves the quality and completeness the results of geodetics activities mentionned in the § 6 of Law No. 215/1995 by his signature and his stamp under his personal responsibility. Insurance is obligatory. To become ASC: Master degree in Geodesy and Cartography, 5 years of practice after beeing graduated, application form, proving the projects during practice, slovak langualge skill, examination. |
| Educational Level | Master Level on university (BAC + 5) plus 5 years of practice |
| Keywords | Control Field, Cadaster, Engineering Surveying, Mapping, Data for GIS,... |
| Procedure Description | slovak language skill, examination before Examination Commission of Chamber for Engineering Surveying, Mapping, Controle Field Data for GIS and before examination commission of Authority of Geodesy and Cartography for cadaster, Mapping and Controle Field. |
| Procedure Duration | one day examination. |
| Address | Komora geodetov a kartografov, Jarošova 1, 831 03 Bratislava, Slovakia |
| Contact Person | Chamber of Surveyors and Cartographers |
| Contact | [email protected] |
| Weblink | https://kgk.sk/ |
| Meta data |
Name : Mr. Peter Repáň |
| Certification | |
| Country | Albania |
| Name | - |
| Description | - |
| Educational Level | - |
| Keywords | - |
| Procedure Description | - |
| Procedure Duration | - |
| Address | - |
| Contact Person | - |
| Contact | - |
| Weblink | - |
| Meta data |
Name : - |
| Certification | |
| Country | Bulgaria |
| Name | - |
| Description | - |
| Educational Level | - |
| Keywords | - |
| Procedure Description | - |
| Procedure Duration | - |
| Address | - |
| Contact Person | - |
| Contact | - |
| Weblink | - |
| Meta data |
Name : - |
| Certification | |
| Country | Cyprus |
| Name | - |
| Description | - |
| Educational Level | - |
| Keywords | - |
| Procedure Description | - |
| Procedure Duration | - |
| Address | - |
| Contact Person | - |
| Contact | - |
| Weblink | - |
| Meta data |
Name : - |
| Certification | |
| Country | Czech Republik |
| Name | - |
| Description | - |
| Educational Level | - |
| Keywords | - |
| Procedure Description | - |
| Procedure Duration | - |
| Address | - |
| Contact Person | - |
| Contact | - |
| Weblink | - |
| Meta data |
Name : - |
| Certification | |
| Country | Hungary |
| Name | - |
| Description | - |
| Educational Level | - |
| Keywords | - |
| Procedure Description | - |
| Procedure Duration | - |
| Address | - |
| Contact Person | - |
| Contact | - |
| Weblink | - |
| Meta data |
Name : - |
| Certification | |
| Country | Iceland |
| Name | - |
| Description | - |
| Educational Level | - |
| Keywords | - |
| Procedure Description | - |
| Procedure Duration | - |
| Address | - |
| Contact Person | - |
| Contact | - |
| Weblink | - |
| Meta data |
Name : - |
| Certification | |
| Country | Italy |
| Name | - |
| Description | - |
| Educational Level | - |
| Keywords | - |
| Procedure Description | - |
| Procedure Duration | - |
| Address | - |
| Contact Person | - |
| Contact | - |
| Weblink | - |
| Meta data |
Name : - |
| Certification | |
| Country | Latvia |
| Name | - |
| Description | - |
| Educational Level | - |
| Keywords | - |
| Procedure Description | - |
| Procedure Duration | - |
| Address | - |
| Contact Person | - |
| Contact | - |
| Weblink | - |
| Meta data |
Name : - |
| Certification | |
| Country | Lithuania |
| Name | - |
| Description | - |
| Educational Level | - |
| Keywords | - |
| Procedure Description | - |
| Procedure Duration | - |
| Address | - |
| Contact Person | - |
| Contact | - |
| Weblink | - |
| Meta data |
Name : - |
| Certification | |
| Country | Luxembourg |
| Name | - |
| Description | - |
| Educational Level | - |
| Keywords | - |
| Procedure Description | - |
| Procedure Duration | - |
| Address | - |
| Contact Person | - |
| Contact | - |
| Weblink | - |
| Meta data |
Name : - |
| Certification | |
| Country | North Macedonia |
| Name | - |
| Description | - |
| Educational Level | - |
| Keywords | - |
| Procedure Description | - |
| Procedure Duration | - |
| Address | - |
| Contact Person | - |
| Contact | - |
| Weblink | - |
| Meta data |
Name : - |
| Certification | |
| Country | Portugal |
| Name | - |
| Description | - |
| Educational Level | - |
| Keywords | - |
| Procedure Description | - |
| Procedure Duration | - |
| Address | - |
| Contact Person | - |
| Contact | - |
| Weblink | - |
| Meta data |
Name : - |
| Certification | |
| Country | Republic of Kosovo |
| Name | - |
| Description | - |
| Educational Level | - |
| Keywords | - |
| Procedure Description | - |
| Procedure Duration | - |
| Address | - |
| Contact Person | - |
| Contact | - |
| Weblink | - |
| Meta data |
Name : - |
| Certification | |
| Country | Türkiye |
| Name | - |
| Description | - |
| Educational Level | - |
| Keywords | - |
| Procedure Description | - |
| Procedure Duration | - |
| Address | - |
| Contact Person | - |
| Contact | - |
| Weblink | - |
| Meta data |
Name : - |
| Certification | |
| Country | Ukraine |
| Name | - |
| Description | - |
| Educational Level | - |
| Keywords | - |
| Procedure Description | - |
| Procedure Duration | - |
| Address | - |
| Contact Person | - |
| Contact | - |
| Weblink | - |
| Meta data |
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